The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) in 2025 once again emphasized one of the basic requirements for commercial drivers: knowledge of the English language. This decision is already affecting road inspections, carrier operations, and cross-border transportation in the southern U.S.
Let's figure out what exactly has changed, what consequences drivers face, and why FMCSA documents specifically mention border 'commercial zones.'
The requirement for CDL drivers to know English is not new — it has been enshrined in federal regulations for many years. However, in the spring of 2025, the FMCSA issued updated instructions for inspectors to strengthen the application of the rule in practice.
On May 20, 2025, the agency published updated guidance on English Language Proficiency (ELP) checks. The document emphasizes that inspections start in English, and a driver's inability to understand instructions may be considered a safety risk.
The official document is available on the FMCSA website: Updated Internal Agency Enforcement Policy: English Language Proficiency.
FMCSA describes a two-step assessment procedure:
- Interview with the driver — the inspector asks questions and assesses the ability to respond in English.
- Checking understanding of road signs — the driver must recognize standard and electronic messages on the road.
Important: FMCSA specifically notes that translators, cue cards, and translation apps should not be used during the interview, as they may conceal the real inability to communicate in English.
The guidance states that inspectors should document evidence of violations and, if necessary, take measures up to disqualification from driving.
The next key step is the inclusion of ELP violations in the Out-of-Service criteria.
The Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance (CVSA) announced that from June 25, 2025, non-compliance with the English language requirement becomes grounds for immediate prohibition from further movement.
The official CVSA announcement emphasizes the effective date and the connection with the FMCSA memorandum: CVSA Adds English Language Proficiency to Out-of-Service Criteria.
This means that a driver who fails the check may be stopped right during a roadside inspection.
One of the most discussed details is the exception for the so-called border commercial zones along the U.S.-Mexico border.
FMCSA indicates that in these zones, inspectors may issue a violation but should not automatically apply Out-of-Service measures or initiate disqualification procedures.
In other words, in border commercial zones, a more lenient regime of sanctions applies, which has effectively led to the term 'safe zones' in the media.
FMCSA explains what a 'commercial zone' is in the agency's international programs: What is a commercial zone?.
The tightening of ELP control creates real operational risks:
- drivers may be stopped without the ability to quickly 'correct' the situation on the spot
- carriers face additional compliance obligations
- cross-border transportation becomes a sensitive topic, especially in the southern states
For companies, this is a signal: training and testing drivers' communication skills become not a formality but a matter of work eligibility.
In 2025, FMCSA effectively returns to strict enforcement of English language requirements. The updated guidance for inspectors has been in effect since May, and from June, an ELP violation can lead to an immediate driving ban.
At the same time, border commercial zones remain a special case where sanctions are applied differently — and this is already affecting the transportation market between the U.S. and Mexico.
In the coming months, carriers should expect more inspections and increased control over compliance with 49 CFR §391.11(b)(2) requirements, especially outside the 'commercial zones' at the border.